Bounding stride impulses with Weber and Bond numbers to avoid piercing or splashing the water surface.
Category
Surface science
Surface tension, contact angles, capillary waves, and interface stability under load.
How trapped air layers endure repeated impacts while letting oxygen diffuse near the cuticle.
How temperature, salinity, and contaminants shift the safety margin for water-walking spiders.
How hair density, geometry, and wax chemistry keep legs non-wetting even under repeated impacts.
Estimating capillary length, interface slope, and the pressure window that keeps a leg afloat.